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Pingtan (art form)
Pingtan (), a regional variety of the shuochang, is an art form popular in southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang, and Shanghai (the Jiangnan region). It is a combination of "Pinghua" and "Tanci" which are two forms of Chinese narrative musical tradition. It dates back to Song Dynasty. It is influenced by the Wu Culture including art, music and literature.〔中国苏州评弹百家出版社 周良 主编 p. 14〕
Created by the work of the Pingtan artists, this art form enjoys great popularity in Jiangnan. The long history has also laid a solid foundation for its development. Its contents are rich, though the form is simple. "story telling, joke cracking, music playing and aria singing" are the performing techniques, while "reasoning, tastes, unexpectedness, interest and minuteness" are the artistic features.〔评弹上海文化出版社 上海市文化广播影视管理局 主编〕 Although it originated in Suzhou, Pingtan flourished in Shanghai with the development of commerce and culture at the turn of the 19th century and 20th century. After that, Pingtan became a new form of performance by innovating and carrying on the tradition.〔评弹艺人评弹录苏州评弹研究室编 江苏人民出版社〕
==Origin and development==
It originated in Suzhou about four hundred years ago.〔评弹上海文化出版社 上海文化广播影视管理局 主编 p. 18〕 From the middle of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century, it was performed in Shanghai. At that time, Shanghai was one of the five treaty ports. Shanghai's economy was booming and various cultures arrived there. Pingtan absorbed some elements from various cultures and was well developed under the circumstances.〔评弹上海文化出版社 上海文化广播影视管理局 主编 p. 17-18 and p. 26〕 The rise of records and radio stations also played an important role in popularizing Pingtan art. Another positive factor was the expansion of performing halls, which were decorated well and spacious. As a result, people like writers, painters, professors gradually became loyal fans.〔评弹上海文化出版社 上海文化广播影视管理局 主编 p. 32 and p. 34〕 After the founding of People's Republic of China, 18 performers organized Shanghai People's Pingtan Troupe, which was the first official troupe.〔评弹上海文化出版社 上海文化广播影视管理局 主编 p. 38〕 Based on traditional long story-telling, shorter and medium-sized stories were created, reflecting modern life. The form of performance is not limited in Shuchang, which was the traditional performing stage, however, in 1961 Pingtan concert was held which attracted nearly one thousand people to watch in each performance.〔评弹上海文化出版社 上海文化广播影视管理局 主编 p. 38-p.41〕 While its traditional repertoire was banned during the Cultural Revolution, Pingtan still enjoyed a special status as a preferred medium for singing poems by Mao Zedong, making Pingtan known and appreciated throughout China, despite the dialectal barrier. Since the late 1970s, the traditional repertoire has been revived. The old artists undertook the task of passing the traditioon on to the new generation. Pingtan is popularized by radio, television and Internet. Meanwhile, it faces challenges as a result of the popular entertainment industry.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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